A computer program for electron gun design using secondorder. The advantage of the pierce design is that the focusing fields at the edge of the beam exactly. Investigation of beam performance parameters in a pierce type electron gun ashraf a. The pierce gun theory10 is not valid for high perveance guns. Simulation software beamish for the design of charged.
Numerical simulation including the space charge effect was carried out to determine the basic parameters for a newly designed 100 kw 40 kv, 2. Lorentz video list integrated engineering software. Design and numerical simulation of thermionic electron gun arxiv. Accurate prediction of electron beam profile is one of the key objectives of electron optics, and the basis for design of the practical electron gun. Electron gun, electrode structure that produces and may control, focus, and deflect a beam of electrons, as in a television picture tube see figure, where the beam produces a visual pattern on the tubes screen. Figure 2 shows the pierce electron gun in solidworksr. Accurate model of electron beam profiles with emittance. The pierce electrode and cathode are maintained at large negative potential and the. Along with the advance of 3d visualization software and the ability to prototype new designs for electron guns has come the need to increase a designers ability to quickly alter the components of an electron gun. The acceleration voltage increases the electron beam currents up to 250 ma at accelerat ion voltage 75kv and decreases the beam perveance, beam waist and beam emittance. Development of an electron gun design optimisation methodology colin nigel ribton abstract the design of high quality electron generators to meet specific requirements is important in the application of these devices to a variety of materials processing systems including welding, cutting and additive. Introduction to electron guns for accelerators bruce dunham february 25, 2008.
Thus, the statistical distribution of the beam electron resulting from its initial thermal velocity is not considered adequately in present software. The modulator is capable of producing pulses up to 10 mus in width at repetition rates up to 10hz with no active reset. A 120kv igbt modulator for driving a pierce electron gun. The gun design is based on the pierce spherical diode. This paper reports the simulation of an electron gun. Moreover, the parameters of electron guns are approximated based on a limited number of electron trajectories.
An elaboration of this work went into my book theory and design of electron beams, published by van nostrand in 1949. The triode extraction system is designed and optimized by using cst software for particle beam simulations. The calculations prove that the modified software is effective and practical. A video overview of lorentz for solving, analyzing and parametric modeling using examples. To achieve this, a pierce gun design approach was attempted. It has a standard planar cathode, piercetype electron gun design with a spacechargelimited perveance of 3. The electrons, their velocity and the electric field is shown. Based on the design method of the pierce electron gun, the optimum parameters of the electron gun have been obtained using the opera3d program. The new software is based on the multipurpose electromagnetic solvers of the cst studio family and incorporates their powerful modelling capabilities as well as successful algorithms of the mafiats simulators. The electron gun is of a pierce design and contains a cathode with a heated tungsten element infused with barium oxide to reduce the work function.
The largest use is in cathode ray tubes crts, used in nearly all television sets, computer displays and oscilloscopes that are not flatpanel displays. This paper introduces cst particle studio tm, a specialist tool for the fast and accurate design and analysis of 3d electron guns. Design aspects a design goal of beam current of 500 ma at 40 kv with a beam size less than 3. The versatile software package beamish has been developed for the design and optimization of charged particle optical instruments.
An electron gun of the piercetype configuration with a line cathode of the same size as the electron beam required has been developed. This thesis covers the design and development of a modulated pierce electron gun used in the construction of experimental travelling wave tube twt amplifiers. It is possible to pre and detailed design using this software. A line cathode electron gun of the piercetype design. Design and development of a 40 kv pierce electron gun. We used pierce method to design the gun, 3d simulation software to optimize the optical system and magnetic circuit. Plasma physics and nuclear fusion research school, nuclear science and technology research institute. The above two factors significantly limit the performances of electron guns. Design and analysis of an electron gunbooster and free. A travelingwave tube twt, pronounced twit or travelingwave tube amplifier twta, pronounced tweeta is a specialized vacuum tube that is used in electronics to amplify radio frequency rf signals in the microwave range.
Based upon, the virtual crossover of an electron gun is determined by its current density distribution. Pierce, 1954, van nostrand edition, in english 2nd ed. Jul 07, 2011 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. The beamer line is a completely new design of electron beam welders taking advantage of all the latest developments in the fields of electronic control systems, high voltage power supplies, vacuum technology and electron gun design. To design the electron gun, simulations were conducted using the cst particle studio. The diverse applications of lorentz include studying the motion of particles in traps such as a penning trap, or the paths of particles through optical components such as bending magnet and multiple focusing magnets, or the behavior. An electron gun also called electron emitter is an electrical component in some vacuum tubes that produces a narrow, collimated electron beam that has a precise kinetic energy. Special considerations with respect to electron gun design are essentially required to meet the overall goal of a thz twt such as high efficiency, high linearity, and high reliability. For solid emitters such as electron guns and negative sputter ion guns the answer is the famous pierce angle of 67.
In this paper the outline of this software is described and an example the analysis of pierce 5b type electron gun is shown. A number of 2d simulation tools are available, including egun rand trak. Investigation of beam performance parameters in a piercetype electron gun ashraf a. The gun is a thermionic type electron gun with indirect heating of the lab6 cathode. Development of an electron gun design optimisation. Zakhary1 1accelerators and ion sources department, nuclear research center, atomic energy authority, cairo p. The electron gun was designed by computer simulation based on the electrolytictank method. It has a standard planar cathode, pierce type electron gun design with a spacechargelimited perveance of 3. The design of a low perveance pierce electron gun with an isolated anode for a 0. An algorithm for material processing electron gun design twi. Then, the gun geometry thus obtained is fed as input into analytical software for the final design and optimisation of the electron gun geometry. You can change the heater voltage and the acceleration voltage. Design of an electron gun using computer optimization 2 can be more than 1 billion electrons per second. An igbt modulator has been developed to drive a 120 kv, 23 a pierce electron gun.
After verifying the software validation, a design of an electron gun with energy and current respectively, 200 kev, 18 a and also initial beam radius of 8mm and minimum beam radius of 3. In this program, a confined flow, pierce electron gun was designed using computer optimization. The gun is mounted beneath an iron plate which helps shape the local field lines. Simulation study of electron gun for six mev linac for x. In particular, the pierce gun geometry was developed that used focusing. This is for designs that can be modelled in two dimensions. The tools yield parameters for rudimentary gun geometry, which are further refined using the 2d particleincell code egun. Thermionic cathode is the most common electron gun4 in klystron since thermionic mode of emission of electrons is easy and inexpensive. The use of computer programs to design electron guns and. Sep, 2017 we used pierce method to design the gun, 3d simulation software to optimize the optical system and magnetic circuit.
A set of software tools based on pierce theory and the cutlerhines approach for thermal velocity effects have been developed for the design of sheetbeam electron guns. Design and construction of a high power electron gun by gary r. Egun electron optics simulations egun is a world famous simulation tool, developed by bill herrmannsfeldt at stanford linear accelerator center slac, for the numerical simulation of electron guns, including space charge, childlangmuir and fowlernordheim starting routines and 3d relativistic trajectory calculation in 2d rectangular or axially symmetric electric and magnetic fields. After porting of the program to pcs, giving the name egn87c, adequate graphical software became necessary. We simulated the slac 5045 sband klystrons dc electron gun, as it has become a very successful. The source of the electron beam is the cathode, a flat metal support covered with. So, the design and manufacturing of electron gun is important in making a klystron. Typical design time for a new electron gun for an rf source is 30 40 manhours involving 2030 design iterations 1. A threebeam pierce electron optical system was designed to produce a total current of 3.
Electron gun was designed for production of 350 ma peak current across 10 kev by 1 perv output electron beam. An electron gun with a modulating anode is designed using. Design, development and characterization of tetrode type. Quick estimation and sensitivity analysis of pierce electron. Guns can be focusable for small spot size, for use in applications such as xray production, welding and rheed.
A detailed analysis of beam formation with electron guns of the pierce type. Quick estimation and sensitivity analysis of pierce. A novel numerical calculation method for electron guns. Investigation of beam performance parameters in a pierce. Design of a ka band multiplebeam gun ieee conference. Quick estimation and sensitivity analysis of pierce electron gun parameters. Kimball physics is a key supplier of electron guns designed for use in a wide variety of ultra high vacuum uhv surface physics, space physics, and processing applications. Pdf an electron gun is designed and developed using the pierce configuration for the focusing electrode.
Initial dimensions of electron gun were selected based onvtc6364 model of varian inc. Simulations were carried out using cst particle studio. In this paper, an improved model describing electron beam in pierce gun with both space charge effects and emittance effects is proposed. An electron gun is designed and developed using the pierce configuration for the focusing electrode. This tutorial describes a case study for a system to generate a narrow electron beam at high current density and to transport it over a distance exceeding 8. An electron gun using lanthanum hexaboride labsub 6 as a cathode material is being studied for use as a robust thermionic emitter at high cathode current densities. Design of electron guns the design of an electron gun usually starts with the definition of. The pulse rise time on the electron gun will be approximately 2 mus and the remaining 8 mus. I dont know whether or not i published a paper on the subject.
Simulation of the pierce type electron gun for a basic design. Herrmannsfeldt, electron trajectory program, slac report 226. This paper presents the gun design, particle simulations study, testing of the gun on test bench and integration with the ecil 9 mev linac. Lorentz software childs law pierce electron gun youtube. The design of electron and ion guns, beams, and collectors. Design of electron guns the design of an electron gun usually starts with the definition of desired parameters, like current, energy, available focusing, life time of the cathode and other constraints. A design of thermionic electron gun for traveling wave. The twt belongs to a category of linear beam tubes, such as the klystron, in which the radio wave is amplified by absorbing power from a beam of electrons as it. The gun incorporated an open aperture switching electrode, positioned midway between anode and cathode, to pulse the beam. Additionally, a modal analysis tool for the nps fel simulation software is. Simulation study of electron gun for six mev linac for xray. Integrateds lorentzsuite of cae programs provide sophisticated simulation and design tools customized for charged particle trajectory analysis in 2drs and 3d. Type electron gun with shielded cathode wiley online library.
A 40 kv electron gun is designed and developed using the pierce configuration for the focusing electrode. Also the program polygon 5 made it much easier to set up boundaries for. Investigation of beam performance parameters in a piercetype. A thesis in physics submitted to the graduate faculty of texas tech university in partial fulfillment of the degree of master of science o approved accepted may, 1984. In the present work, an investigation has been made for the ext raction characteristics and beam diagnosis for a pierce type electron gun with spherical anode to acquire an electron beam suitable for different applications.
A gridless, variable perveance pierce electron gun. Numerical simulation and design of a thermionic electron gun. A thorough study related to synthesis and analysis of electron guns has been carried out by the authors. Design and analysis of 5045 sband klystron dc electron gun. In the present work, an investigation has been made for the ext raction characteristics and beam diagnosis for a piercetype electron gun with spherical anode to acquire an electron beam suitable for different applications. Lab6 cathode guns, field mission guns and pierce guns are simulated respectively by examples. Pdf design study of electron gun for cepc 650 mhz klystron. After verifying the software validation, a design of an electron gun with energy and current respectively, 200 kev, 18 a and also initial beam radius. Introduction electron gun is the primary source in preaccelerator of.
Plasma physics and nuclear fusion research school, nuclear science and technology research institute, abstract. One other problem remained in deflection tubesthe limitation in current density through beam spreading due to the charge in the electron beam. Electron gun systems kimball physics is a key supplier of electron guns designed for use in a wide variety of ultra high vacuum uhv surface physics, space physics, and processing applications. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. The structure or structures i had devised became known as the pierce gun, widely used in all sorts of electron devices. Sadighzadeh 1 1 aeoi, po box 1415539, tehran, iran. Computer optimized design of electron guns nc state university. Development of an electron gun design optimisation methodology. Design and numerical simulation of thermionic electron gun. A frequent electron gun design goal is to produce a converging beam that matches to a focusing solenoid. Design and development of a 40 kv pierce electron gun abstract.
Simulation for parameters of the gun which are for example. In the literature these devices are known as electron guns or ion sources with piercetype geometry, or. The twt belongs to a category of linear beam tubes, such as the klystron, in which the radio wave is amplified by. This paper presents the gun design, particle simulations study, testing of the. Design of an electron gun using computer optimization.
Universal highflux electron gun design field precision software. This paper presents the design and simulation of an electron gun for 800 kw cw klystron of which frequency is 650 mhz for cepc project. The suitable simulation tool is in any case egn2w, how the new egun version for windows is called today. The design of electron guns is typically carried out with analysis software tools to test.
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